Epigenetic dysregulation in virus-associated neoplasms
The oncoproteins of human tumor viruses regularly interact with the cellular epigenetic machinery. Such interactions alter the epigenome of the host cell and reprogram its gene expression pattern. Altered levels or redistribution of (cytosine-5)-DNA methyltransferases and changes in the cellular met...
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| Dokumentumtípus: | Könyv része |
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Springer
2016
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| Sorozat: | Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Patho-Epigenetics of Infectious Disease |
| doi: | 10.1007/978-3-319-24738-0_4 |
| mtmt: | 2995120 |
| Online Access: | http://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/16291 |
| Tartalmi kivonat: | The oncoproteins of human tumor viruses regularly interact with the cellular epigenetic machinery. Such interactions alter the epigenome of the host cell and reprogram its gene expression pattern. Altered levels or redistribution of (cytosine-5)-DNA methyltransferases and changes in the cellular methylome were observed in Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) associated neoplasms and cell lines. Methylation-mediated silencing of cellular promoters was also noted in Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) positive Merkel cell carcinomas, and, as discussed elsewhere, in EBV-associated malignancies and adenovirus-induced rodent tumors as well. Promoter activation also occurred, either associated with DNA hypomethylation or with the induction of euchromatic histone modifi cations by viral oncoproteins. It is worthy to notice that HCV infection induced large, hypomethylated blocks of cellular chromatin, although the exact molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In hepatoma cells expressing HBx, the oncoprotein encoded by the HBV genome, demethylation of the repetitive satellite 2 sequences was observed, due to downregulation of the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B. Tax and HBZ, the oncoproteins of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), can both activate and silence distinct cellular promoters by interacting with cellular enzymes involved in histone modification. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. |
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| Terjedelem/Fizikai jellemzők: | 71-90 |
| ISBN: | 9783319247366; 9783319247380 |
| ISSN: | 0065-2598 |