Három választás Károlyi Mihály belépése a politikába /
Count Mihály Károlyi (1879–1955) – the leader of Progressive Party of Independence (Függetlenségi Párt), the Prime Minister later President of the bourgeois democratic People‟s Republic of Hungary (1918/19), and a double emigrant (1919–1946, 1949–1955) – became the target of political offences again...
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| Dokumentumtípus: | Könyv része |
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Szegedi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar
Szeged
2012
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| Sorozat: | Ünnepi e-könyv : Herczeg János professzor 70. születésnapjára
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| Kulcsszavak: | Károlyi Mihály, Magyarország története - 19-20. sz., Belpolitika - Magyarország - 20. sz. |
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| Online Access: | http://acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu/84698 |
| Tartalmi kivonat: | Count Mihály Károlyi (1879–1955) – the leader of Progressive Party of Independence (Függetlenségi Párt), the Prime Minister later President of the bourgeois democratic People‟s Republic of Hungary (1918/19), and a double emigrant (1919–1946, 1949–1955) – became the target of political offences again in the last more than two decades after the constitutional „turning‟ connected with his obvious affinity to the left side of political streams. The author of this paper returns to the question of the beginning of Károlyi‟s political carrier by a presentation of Károlyi‟s three parliamentary elections (Zilah, Szilágy county, 1901; Pétervására, Heves county, 1905; Kápolna, Heves county, 1910) via renewing one of his earlier studies („Tiszatáj‟ 1968). Károlyi was inspired by his uncle, count Sándor Károlyi, leader of the agrarian wing of the liberal governing party and also „father‟ of the Hungarian cooperative movements. “I derive the beginning of my political carrier from 1909 – as he wrote in his memoire (1923) – when I became the chairman of the Hungarian Countrywide Economic Association” (Országos Magyar Gazdasági Egyesület, OMGE), which was one of the pressure groups of agriculture – primly for latifundias. This way the agrarian program of OMGE and Károlyi (1910) involved, beside the moderate reform of the right to elections, commitments of the agrarian customs protection, the state support of productive cooperative societies and consumers‟ cooperative stores, the hindering of the emigration of village people to cities, the ceasing of land usury and the diminution of the territorial force of commercial law. Károlyi‟s initiative interest in social conditions was mainly expressed by the way of organization and propagation of the movement of cooperative forces. He orated on this topic with special attention during all his three electioneerings. (He declared in Pétervására in 1905: “the importance of cooperative societies fills all my being”.) The young aristocrat propagator of cooperating and follower of his uncle did not realize the limitation of the movement. He wrote in his memoir that he had been especially touched by the European theoretic thinkers of cooperating. In this case his lecture entitled Szövetkezés és szocializmus [Cooperation and Socialism] and held at the social course of Hungarian Farmers‟ Association (Magyar Gazdaszövetség) on the 30th March 1908 is especially interesting. It also means his most important writing („Magyar Gazdák Szemléje‟ 1908, Vol. 1, pp. 231–241). His starting point was the opinion that the heads of Hungarian Social Democratic Party (Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt, MSZDP) did not support the cooperative movement sufficiently, although that was important in some of the socialist parties in abroad, too. He meant: “there is a common aim, namely the remedy of the social-economic problems” for both socialism – he rather called it collectivism – and the cooperative movement. “I am not scared of socialism – he declared in his program protecting article (1910) – because I am convinced that its extremities will not come true; I do wish those parts of it which are good and natural outcomes of progressivity or the age as I used to be a propagator of the fact that a social evolution, having the task of breaking the outgrowths of capital system, is not only inescapable but necessary and useful, too.” |
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| Terjedelem/Fizikai jellemzők: | 495-505 |
| ISBN: | 978 963 306 154 1 |